Understanding the pathophysiology of functional ovarian masses and incorporating the ESCAPE mnemonic when evaluating a patient with an adnexal mass may minimize unnecessary surgery.

The method of second ejaculate collection after a short interval can be used to improve sperm quality and avoid unnecessary intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In this study 12 couples benefited from short-interval second ejaculation and avoided unnecessary ICSI.

Women with vaginismus are at a significantly higher risk for cesarean delivery.

Neonatal outcome of small-for-gestational-age twins depends on gestational age at delivery, birthweight, and chorionicity but not on the co-twin being small for gestational age as well.

Primary herpes simplex virus may be associated with a false positive ROM Plus result, potentially putting patients at risk for unnecessary interventions, including iatrogenic prematurity.

At 16 weeks' gestation a bicornuate uterus patient experienced a life-threatening spontaneous uterine rupture and fetal loss. Pregnancy in the setting of a repaired Müllerian anomalous uterus requires strict antepartum surveillance and possibly inpatient management.

A patient diagnosed with intramural pregnancy and desiring to preserve fertility was successfully treated by hysteroscopy combined with laparotomy. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most patients with IMP have a good prognosis.